Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. 0000001893 00000 n HTAn Figure 2. Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference . What about P waves? 83 0 obj <> endobj PDF ActivityEarthquake Location* - Cascadia Earthscope Earthquake and 0000001675 00000 n 01. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. 9 - Lab Activity Locating Epicenters Teaching Resources | TPT Thanks for your feedback! This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . Figure 1 is a simplified example of a Thanks for your feedback! hb```f``Rl@ (l"`+uk?0.a~@6Vm;| G3f`75@v@Wz|A4#w9{(` ) Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. (Grades Solved ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows - Chegg 0000078169 00000 n Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. Do you agree with this alignment? Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. 0000001736 00000 n How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory 0000005149 00000 n minute apart, represent the passage of time Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . (Figure 3):. Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves - carlisleschools.org However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. 0000030240 00000 n Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. See Answer. Locating an Earthquake's Epicenter - American Geosciences Institute Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. different types of seismic waves. Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. HS-PS4-1. At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. to the lag time measured at this location? As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key Full PDF - www.yvc.moeys.gov How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. Share with Classes. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. The farther a station is from the P wave. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. If less precision is desired, precede M with a tilde, such as "M ~7" or "magnitude ~6.8.". hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream 0000004511 00000 n While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. Copyright 2023. 0000002840 00000 n The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. 9 - ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. Mr Gneiss. So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Answers to the Finding the Epicenter Gizmos Lab - Name: Earthquakes 2 0000103591 00000 n What is an earthquake? located 1,000 miles from the 0000078100 00000 n Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. Section 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? How might they use this information? Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. To complete the activity, some prior . Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? If your seismograph station is Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. and S waves to travel any distance up to Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. 74 Earthquake Activity: Locating the Epicenter and Time of Earthquake . 0000005544 00000 n 0000031066 00000 n ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. PDF Example Answers - TeachEngineering 0000002009 00000 n Then do the same for the S-wave. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . from the epicenter will be 14 8. Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. 0000053998 00000 n Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows - Chegg The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. Section A - Operator Information 1. d>(ZvO= These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. Zip. Add to FlexBook Textbook. HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. 0000007783 00000 n Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! earthquakes. How does the Mad Scientist. 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history Figure 13.10). Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answers ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1. I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. 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It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? 5 4. 0000115324 00000 n Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. 0000001143 00000 n You will receive your score and answers at the end. Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. between arrival of P and S waves is called Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. S waves. Focus. 2. Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. What are those limits? Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. Three seismographs are needed. 0000001777 00000 n We additionally manage to pay for . How does the lag time change as you get farther and Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. Alignment agreement: (i. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. (Grades 6 - 8). MS-ESS3-2. Seismographs - Keeping Track of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. 0000001533 00000 n The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. For upper grades, have students work individually, do two of the three seismic area tutorials, and look up historical earthquakes to learn their magnitudes, and make data tables or graphs with this information. 0000004060 00000 n Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. $8.25. As you may know, people have look numerous times for . Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. m>r/Q[6 It takes S waves 14. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. Last updated November 26, 2013. 0000001862 00000 n For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. lag time. Figure 8. The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. 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