Brevicoryne brassicae, commonly known as the cabbage aphid or cabbage aphis, is a destructive aphid (plant louse) native to Europe that is now found in many other areas of the world. 5. The cabbage aphid is difficult to distinguish from the turnip aphid (Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)). The cabbage aphid belongs to the genus Brevicoryne. Moscow: Kolos. abdominal surface. Winged females are smaller and lack the waxy covering of wingless females (Natwick 2009). aphid and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid). Photograph by Lyle Buss, University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department. Destruction of plant debris at the end of the season can help kill overwintering aphid eggs in temperate climates (Hines and Hutchison 2013). aphid over winters as eggs. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (6), 411-418. harvest. In response to low temperature or decrease in photoperiod, males are also produced (Blackman and Eastop 1984). Photograph by Lyle Buss, University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department. Hines RL, Hutchison WD. aphid. Jayma L. Martin Kessing, Educational Specialist. Reactive oxygen species and calcium were involved in early signalling, and salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in the regulation of defence responses. [8], Diaeretiella rapae is a common wasp parasitoid of cabbage aphids. Brevicoryne brassicae apterae are green and covered with a greyish white mealy wax that is also secreted on the plant and spreads throughout the colony (see first picture below). It is unknown to what extent parasitoids . Growth rate was, however, only poorly correlated with total soluble nitrogen, and this lack of correlation was particularly marked on plants less than 9 weeks old. Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) UKSI Classification unranked Biota domain Eukaryota kingdom Animalia phylum Arthropoda subphylum Hexapoda class Insecta order Hemiptera family Aphididae genus Brevicoryne species Brevicoryne brassicae . Prevention and control Chemical Control maggots and lady beetles. [1] Loi rp ny n nhiu loi sn phm, bao gm bp ci, bng ci xanh (c bit), Brussels sprouts, sp l v nhiu thnh vin khc trong chi Brassica, [1] nhng khng n thc vt bn ngoi h Brassicaceae. Satar (2005) evaluated the developmental time, survival rate and reproduction of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae on detached cabbage leaves. 2.1. Underneath the wax there Habitat and Diet. (1997) identified the sex pheromone of Brevicoryne brassicae as neptalactone. The average phenotype of Brevicoryne brassicae individuals inhabiting different host-plant species was found to differ as a consequence of the contrasting feeding environments the host species provide. The cabbage aphid has a host range restricted to plants in the family Brassicaceae (=Cruciferae), which include both cultivated and wild cruciferous crops (Gabrys et al. Herrick GW, Hungate JW. Cultural control: The field should be plowed immediately after harvest to prevent the spread of aphids to other crops (Griffin and Williamson 2012). It is important to add a spreader-sticker (liquid detergent to break the surface tension of droplets) to the insecticides to increase surface contact with the waxy covering of the aphids' bodies (Griffin and Williamson 2012). These results suggested the existence of a chemical-mediated interaction between the species, indicating potential avenues to enhance field parasitization rates through manipulation of the chemical environment of sole cropping systems. (wingless) and alate (winged) aphids are able to transmit the Center-located Brevicoryne brassicae were correlated with head infestation for both field seasons. The siphunculi of the mealy cabbage aphid are thick and very short, 0.06-0.07 times the body length. Brevicoryne brassicae Linnaeus, 1758: Vikinvlrd sistematika: kil axtar: ITIS 200589: NCBI 69196: EOL 17741037: Klm mnnsi (lat. Nottingham & Hardie (1993) were unable to detect any effects of host plant odours on either walking or flying Brevicoryne brassicae. 1952. The resistance of non-waxy plants was confirmed in a field plot, artificially infested. Eggs are not produced in Hawaii. Van Emden & Bashford (1969) looked at the reproduction of Brevicoryne brassicae in relation to soluble nitrogen concentration and leaf age. The parasitic wasp Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) lays eggs within half-grown nymphs (preferring 2nd to 4th instars over 1st instar nymphs and adults) and mummifies them, forming a light brown, hard shell around the aphid. It was concluded that different host-parasitoid ratios could affect the efficacy of Diaeretiella rapae. Oviposition (P . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae (broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) (2007) demonstrated that the presence of sinigrin in the diet of the cabbage aphid makes this aphid unsuitable as a food source for Adalia bipunctata but not for Coccinella septempunctata. [1][2] Some insecticidal soaps may be effective in treating aphid infestations. The objective of this study was to determine the mortality, enzymatic antioxidant activity and gene expression of cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) in response to Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 (T6) at different time points from Day 1 to 7 after . The picture below shows a young colony of Brevicoryne brassicae on red cabbage. in appearance to adults except for their smaller size. The morphology and biology of the different instars and forms was described by Bonnemaison (1951) who also carried out an extensive study of the factors which affect morph determination. This suggested that differential population growth rates for green peach aphid were a result of inhibition of Diaeretiella rapae in the living mulches. (2007) showed that the aphids produce a myrosinase enzyme in head and thoracic muscles. Pollard (1971) made a study of aphidophagous syrphids and syrphid predation on Brevicoryne brassicae on brussels sprouts in contrasting areas of farmland. Naturally occurring parasites and predators are important Propylea dissecta, is a species of lady beetle native to India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal.. Crop rotation with non-host crops is also beneficial (Kessing and Mau 1991). Brevicoryne is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Dunn & Kempton (1972) carried out much of the early work of resistance of Brassica to attack by mealy cabbage aphid. 1983. Either spray or wipe the soapy water mixture on your plants and let dry. Grez & Prado (2000) assessed the effect of plant patch shape and surrounding vegetation on the density, emigration, and immigration of predatory coccinellids, and on the density of their mealy cabbage aphid prey. level. Blackman & Eastop list 13 species of aphid as feeding on cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, savoy, kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea) worldwide, and provide formal identification keys (Show World list). Kazana et al. Depending on the temperature and humidity conditions, one cabbage aphid generation develops in 7-10 days. Plant Disease 46: 409-410. Brevicoryne Brassicae Download as PDF About this page Transmission 1: By Invertebrates, Nematodes and Fungi Roger Hull, in Matthews' Plant Virology (Fourth Edition), 2002 4. During intermittent water stress in the old leaves, the normal feeding stratum of Myzus persicae, this aphid is relatively more successful than Brevicoryne brassicae. In a broccoli field, you can get a sense of aphid density using the 10 by 10 method, which involves pulling 10 broccoli leaves at 10 different spots in the field, then counting the number of aphids on them. John Wiley J. Gabrys BJ, Gadomski HJ, Klukowski Z, Pickett JA, Sobota GT, Wadhams LJ, Woodcock CM. During continuous water stress in the young leaves, the normal feeding stratum of Brevicoryne brassicae, this aphid is relatively more successful than Myzus persicae. The nymphal period varies from seven to ten days. Where winters are mild Brevicoryne brassicae overwinters parthenogenetically. Edwards OR, Franzmann B, Thackray D, Micic S. 2008. Aphids have piercing-sucking mouthparts. The optimal range of temperature for the population growth of Brevicoryne brassicae on white cabbage was 20 to 25/30C. Severely infested plants become covered with a mass of small sticky aphids (due to honeydew secretions), which can eventually lead to leaf death and decay (Griffin and Williamson 2012). 667-668. 746 pages. Phagostimulation of a monophagous aphid. Brevicoryne brassicae is restricted to feeding on members of the Brassicaceae. Moreover, green peach aphids mainly attack cabbage before heading (after transplanting, the cabbage seedling starts producing leaves, and eventually the cabbage plant begins to produce a small, tight head at the center of the group of leaves) begins, but cabbage aphids may attack the crop at any stage (Elwakil and Mossler 2013). Parasitism for both species tended to be higher on clean cultivated broccoli. Soc. Biological features of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) in Leningrad region and its harmfulness on seed plants of cabbage. Elmer, H. S. and O. L. Brawner. Contents 1 Hosts 2 Adults 3 Parasites 4 Species 5 See also 6 Notes 7 Sources Hosts [ edit] This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) The mealy cabbage aphid is an important pest of brassica crops especially cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, radish, swede and mustard. Brevicoryne brassicae (cunoscut n limbaj popular sub numele de pduchele cenuiu al verzei" [necesit citare]) este o specie de insecte duntoare cu o larg rspndire n lume. In a severe attack of cabbage white fly ( Aleuroides brassicae Walk. Pale green (non-diapausing) or greyish-white (diapausing) and dotted with black and yellow markings. are often found among aphid colonies. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. The The plant defences against herbivores are used in turn by the cabbage aphid to provide a unique defense mechanism against predators. 300: 715-746. Aphids. We fully acknowledge these authors as the source for the (summarized) taxonomic information we have presented. The results were grouped so that the centre, two unsheltered edges and an edge of the field sheltered by trees could be compared to demonstrate the operation of edgegrowth effects on a natural infestation of the aphid. Over the lifetime, 942 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 17849 citation(s). The chemical basis for this restriction was investigated by Wensler (1962) who showed that sinigrin (a mustard oil glucoside) provides the necessary chemical stimulus to elicit a feeding response. 671694. mohaghegh ardabili December 21, 2018 Other authors. Efficacy of. The Role and Importance of Biological Control of Pests and Diseases in Sustainable Agriculture. It was also found that biotypes of the aphid, with differing abilities to colonize respective sprout clones, existed in different geographical areas. Bull. Blackman RL, Eastop VF. of LSKhI), vol. female nymphs. In temperate climates, aphids reproduce as above Mating occurs and females lay eggs. Peak numbers of Brevicoryne brassicae differed between plots, but the pattern of monotonic increase in the spring, followed by an abrupt decline in the rate of increase, a mid-summer peak, and an autumn population decline was consistent throughout. The biology and ecology of mealy cabbage aphid has been reviewed by Pal & Singh (2013) with an emphasis on recent work carried out on the Indian subcontinent. 2012). Hemiptera-Homoptera V. Orthoptera VI. We have mostly made identifications from high resolution photos of living specimens, along with host plant identity. Ruiz-Montoya (2005) described the morphological variation of populations of Brevicoryne brassicae associated with two host species, Brassica oleracea and Brassica campestris, which occur sympatrically in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Ent. Analysis of the volatile . Jump to navigation Jump to search. In this research, the effects of Pseudomonas putida, salicylic acid (SA), and integrated application of both inducers were studied on the resistance of canola to B. brassicae. included. Tukahirwa & Coaker (1982) showed that intercropping brassicas with taxonomically unrelated plant species reduced infestations of the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae and cabbage root fly Delia brassicae by more than 60% compared with those on brassicas grown in pure stand. 3. For example, if you enter a French term, choose an option under "French." Population growth parameters of Brevicoryne brassicae (Hem. Scale in Central Valley. With increasing plant age, total soluble nitrogen of Brussels sprout plants decreased after a peak at 6-9 weeks. Brevicoryne brassicae, thng gi l rp ci bp, l mt loi rp bn a chu u hin c tm thy nhiu khu vc khc trn th gii. Pirimicarb caused the lowest mortality to the natural enemies. Extensive gene expression changes were initiated during the first 6 h of infestation. not covered with waxy powder. Because of the waxy nature of the pest and crop, care must (2007) looked at the effects of intercropping via competition on crop yields, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae abundance, and natural enemy efficacy in Brassica oleracea fields. Diaeretiella rapae reduced the populations of cabbage aphid by around 25% during both experimental years. Both apterae Parasitic wasps lay Colonies of this aphid are found on both lower and upper leaf Another useful There are many insecticides that are effective against this Any errors in identification or information are ours alone, and we would be very grateful for any corrections. Although Diaeretiella rapae is a very common parasite it is not always effective in controlling aphids. areas of the world. Lettuce. If more than 20% of leaves are infested with aphids, then an insecticide application is recommended (Opfer and McGrath 2013). After the initial colonization of a host-plant the aphid population increases rapidly until physiological changes occurring within plant and aphid ensure that a large proportion of the progeny emigrate, escaping the direct consequences of overpopulation, with a finite chance of finding a new host-plant. // . Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 34 (4): 785-790. Cabbage aphid is an especially big problem in broccoli and cabbage production (Opfer and McGrath 2013). factors in regulating population densities. the dorsal anterior abdominal segments. temperature. Brevicoryne brassicae Name Synonyms Aphis brassicae Linnaeus, 1758 Aphis brassicae Linnaeus, 1758 Aphis floris-rapae Curtis, 1842 Aphis floris-rapae Walker, 1849 Aphis isatidis Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 Aphis isatis Kaltenbach, 1845 Aphis rapae Curtis, 1842 Aphis raphani Schrank, 1801 . They produce a sugary waste product called honeydew, which is fed on by ants. For small-scale vegetable growers (home growers), aphids can be repelled by planting crops with reflective mulch-covered beds and monitored by filling yellow pans with water, if aphids are found in great numbers in the water traps additional control measures may be necessary (Griffin and Williamson 2012). Except where otherwise specified, all text and images on this page are copyright InfluentialPoints under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License on condition that a link is provided to InfluentialPoints.com, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. University of California Publication 3307. 1963. Micrographs of clarified mounts by permission of Roger Blackman, copyright AWP all rights reserved. In compost-fertilized broccoli systems, seasonal parasitization rates of Brevicoryne brassicae by Diaeretiella rapae increased. In cases of severe infestations, you may need to use a conventional insecticide. Xarici quruluu. Hemiptera. Gabrys et al. [1] It is very important that fields are plowed immediately after Aphids of the Rocky Mountain region. International Conference on Sustainable Development with a focus on Agriculture, Environment . as tested in cabbage (Webb 2010). 2011). Description. For assistance on the terms used for aphid morphology we suggest the figure provided by Blackman & Eastop (2006). It is important to rid the field and surrounding areas of any alternate host plants like mustards or other cruciferous weeds (Natwick 2009). The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicaeL. Aphids Make 'Chemical Weapons' To Fight Off Killer Ladybirds. In all cases, parasitoids successfully located host-infested plants, and wasp foraging behavior was unaffected by the simultaneous presence of a non-host attacker or host eggs. There is a lateral ridge along either side, and a similar ridge extends from the forward-pointing head up over the head, thorax and abdomen. ScienceDaily. Aphids have been managed using insecticidal soaps (e.g. Retrieved November 20, 2007, from, Hawaii Department of Entomology information page, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/07/070711105844.htm, "The cabbage aphid: a walking mustard oil bomb", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brevicoryne_brassicae&oldid=1090202358, This page was last edited on 28 May 2022, at 02:19. Wingless adults are 1/10 inches long, oval-shaped and appear grayish-green or grayish-white due to their waxy covering (Hines and Hutchison 2013, Natwick 2009, Opfer and McGrath 2013). Metcalf). This will reduce spread to other plots. mature plants causes wilting, yellowing and general stunting of We investigated the effect of temperature on the biological parameters of B. brassicae using different temperature-based models incorporated in the Insect Life Cycle Modelling (ILCYM) software. In Insects of Hawaii, A Manual of the The picture below shows two alate Brevicoryne brassicae colonizing wild mustard. Infested (1966) found that mealy cabbage aphids predominately colonized the outer leaves of a broccoli plant, but these colonies did not significantly influence infestation at harvest. Planting a nectar plant to attract beneficial insects could also be helpful e.g., sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.) Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) is an important sucking insect pest of cabbage and other vegetables. Eggs are not laid in warm climates; females produce female nymphs directly (Kessing and Mau 1991). Nymphs are similar C. undecimpunctata feeds on aphids associated with grasses - in fields, in ruderal biotopes, on steppe (including Pannonian steppe), stone quarries, wastelands, dry forest edges in meadows and coastal meadow, in open habitats with grasses, and near rivers.Frequently in biotopes with Ammophila arenaria it also occurs on alluvial soils, detritus, on dead grass and in biotopes . Brevicoryne brassicae: Aphididae: sequestration of gls in haemolymph, embryo inside the aphid already posseses a myrosinase: 70: Myzus persicae: Aphididae: conjugation of indolyl-3-methyl gls with amino acids and glutathione; excretion: 33: Pieris rapae: Pieridae: Metabolism of gls through nitrile formation, hydroxylation, demethylation, sulfation, and carboxylic acid formation; excretion : 71 . Overall, the study showed clear intraspecific variation in Brevicoryne brassicae susceptibility among cabbage cultivars that can be partly explained by certain differences in induced transcriptional changes. Biological control: Parasites and predators are important for regulating aphid populations. The present study aimed to purify and identify the active compounds from Citrullus colocynthis leaves with an appraisal of their efficacy against B. brassicae. In warm climates (e.g., in Florida and Hawaii), females give birth to female nymphs without mating. Some syrphid species were found to be in woodland and also in an adjoining hedge. Mehlige Kohlblattlaus (Brevicoryne brassicae) Mehlige Kohlblattluse an einem Kohlblatt. Transmission is usually in a nonpersistent manner Molecular analysis revealed a possible role for a trypsin-and-protease inhibitor in defence against Brevicoryne brassicae, whilst a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase seemed to have no effect on aphid performance. [2] Other controlling insects include ladybird beetles, syrphid fly larvae, and lacewing larvae. Syrphidae were the more important predators, and their eggs were one and a half times as numerous near flowers as at the centre of the crop or elsewhere at the open edges. Cabbage aphids feed on the underside of the leaves and on the center of the cabbage head (Hines and Hutchison 2013). (Hem: Aphididae), is one of the most serious pests of canola worldwide. (2001) used three Brassicaceae species, Brassica napus (low glucosinolate content), Brassica nigra (including sinigrin), and Sinapis alba (including sinalbin) as host plants for two aphid species: the generalist Myzus persicae and the specialist Brevicoryne brassicae. Brevicoryne brassicae(linnaeus) Cabbage Aphid Hosts Distribution Damage Biology Behavior Management Reference Authors Jayma L. Martin Kessing, Educational Specialist Ronald F.L. Bacci et al. Brevicoryne brassicae) buumayaqllar tipinin brabrqanadllar dstsinin mnnlr fsilsin aid olan nv. The mealy cabbage aphid has a cosmopolitan distribution. Hughes (1963) looked at the population dynamics of the cabbage aphid for 3 years in Australia where the sexual cycle is suppressed and parthenogenetic reproduction occurs throughout the year. Consequently, the per capita searching efficiency decreased significantly from 1.173 to 0.205 as parasitoid densities increased from 1 to 8. It attacks carrot, celery, Chinese is one of the important pests of Brassicaceae family. females are 1/10 inch long and somewhat oval in shape. Continued feeding by aphids causes yellowing, wilting and stunting of plants (Opfer and McGrath 2013). The tests confirmed that some of the plants were resistant to the aphid. 36. Search from Brevicoryne Brassicae stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. The aphids also uptake glucosinolates, particularly sinigrin, from the plants on which they feed, storing the glucosinolates in their haemolymph. 1907, and it is now present on all islands. However, there are differences between the species on different leaf ages. .. Species and Notes on Their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, On the upper abdominal surface, eight dark brown or black spots are located beneath the waxy coating. Repeat every few days for up to two weeks. Aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) on kales' 1990-1991: The Kenya Polytechnic Nairobi: Higher Diploma in Applied Biology (Entomology, Plant Pathology and Soil Science option) Research project: 'The effects of pH on the distribution of meso- and macro-fauna in some selected soil types in Kenya'. This aphid feeds on all cultivated and wild cruciferous italica Plenck) cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and other members of the genus Brassica (e.g., Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), white mustard (Sinapis (= Brassica) alba L.), black mustard (Brassica nigra L.), toria (Brassica rapa L.). The alate female is mostly black, with greenish abdomen; length 1about 2 mm. All the plants receiving high nitrogen treatments grew more rapidly than those with low, but in infested plants the improvement in growth at the higher levels of nitrogen was offset by the increased size of aphid populations. decrease in photoperiod or temperature (Blackman and Eastop, They found that one release of cabbage plants with mummies enhanced the spread of the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae and increased parasitism of the aphids in the field. Hafez (1961) studied the population dynamics of Brevicoryne brassicae in The Netherlands, where the aphid has sexual forms in the autumn and overwinters in the egg stage. The alate (see second picture above) is with her group of offspring. [7], Different varieties of cultivars have varying resistance to Brevicoryne brassicae. 3. 2. This supports the view that the presence of rich non-crop habitats does not increase syrphid oviposition. The head, tips of the antennae and the legs are dark. In Oregon, contamination of some broccoli heads may lead to the rejection the entire harvest by quality assurance programs managed by broccoli processors (Opfer and McGrath 2013). Safer Soap). The specialist Brevicoryne brassicae was unaffected by changes induced under water stress conditions. IV. In aphids, there are two small pipes called cornicles or siphunculi (tailpipe-like appendages) at the posterior end that can be seen if you look with a hand lens. The novel role of camalexin, induced as a part of defence against aphids, was verified experimentally. Razaq M, Maqsood S, Aslam M, Shad SA, Afzal M. 2012. Siphunculi dark-brown or green, short, cauda as long as siphunculi, triangular in shape, dark green. Bailey) (Kessing and Mau 1991). Cabbage aphids, from the genus Brevicoryne of the family Aphididae, are grayish-green, but a waxy covering gives them a grayish-white[2] to powdery blue[3] appearance. 434-457 in Linnaeus, C. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum . Brevicoryne brassicae Brevicoryne brassicae, commonly known as the cabbage aphid or cabbage aphis, is a destructive aphid (plant louse) native to Europe that is now found in many other areas of the world. Florida crop/pest management profile: Cabbage, Cabbage, Broccoli & Other Cole Crop Insect Pests, Insect management for crucifers (cole crops) (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, mustard, radishes, turnips) ENY-464, Ahmad M, Akhtar S. 2013. These larvae are called Egypte (63) 111-118. The combination of the glucosinolates and the myrosinase enzyme produces a violent chemical reaction that releases the mustard oil chemical allyl isothiocyanate. [4][5], The myrosinase from Brevicoryne brassicae appears to have evolved separately from myrosinases found in plants, possibly a case of convergent evolution. This was in part caused by natural enemies, particularly syrphid larvae (Syrphidae), which were in greatest abundance in response to early aphid colonizers. Plants grown for 2 weeks under drought stress were significantly smaller and showed decreased levels of total glucosinolate when compared with glucosinolate contents of well-watered plants. Proper Cabbage and turnip aphids are the main species that attack cabbages. This rate of suppression with pymetrozine was too effective for the potential additive reduction of aphids by biological control agents to be evident. botrytis L.), brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. However, for this ladybird species, there are costs associated with feeding on aphids that contain sinigrin as its presence in the aphid diet decreases larval growth and increases the time necessary for larvae to reach second instar. Pollard (1969) described an experiment on the effect of predator removal and exclusion upon mealy cabbage aphid on Brussels sprouts. General information about Brevicoryne brassicae (BRVCBR) Name Language; cabbage aphid: English: grey cabbage aphid: English: mealy cabbage aphid The Biology of the The picture below shows a cabbage aphid colony late in the season together with a predatory cecidomyiid larva.

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