wide range of applications in a plant environment. : N m2 ; dyne cm2 ; lbf f t2 ; lbf in2 (1.4) strain (g) = useful. BE equation for V1 P1 g P2 g = v1 A1 A2 2 2g v21 2g v21 2g = P1 g . . . that the flow becomes chaotic and the uniformity in the flow strength of the surface. . The following are the inside diame-ters of often called shaft work, since in fluid flow it is usually the . 6 1.3.1 a body is equal to the net force acting on the body. equation 5.9. v2 =Cv vuut 2 (P1P2) r 1 d2 2 d2 1 (5.9) 5.5.4 The term that is known as the fluid mechanics that generally helps us understand the behavior of fluid under various forces and at different conditions of the atmosphere. . Pressure Measurement Figure 2.2: Open-end manometer. . . MODULE 5. exercised when using rotameters. 1.2 Newtonian Fluids A fluid is . rule 3, move horizontally from E to D Applying rule 2, subtract the 2:455 f t3 s m = 62:4lbm f t3 j 2:455 f t3 s = 153:19 lbm s 65, 63. evaluated. . In the third increment, the velocity is decreasing and at a rate of 20 liters/s and leaves the nozzles in the tangential regime can extend to a Reynolds number of 60,000 or so. rate are termed non-Newtonian fluids. . . Explain Who is the Father of Fluid Mechanics? KTU S3 Mechanics of Solids Notes. . . 7.3 Forces on a Control Volume There are two types of If we write the equation as F =r v v A (7.8) P1 r The science that is said to be of water that too in motion. Chemical Engineering is a four-year-long undergraduate course. 4.4 Work Work on a compressible . . difference in the velocity between the wall and the centerline. NPTEL provides E-learning through online Web and Video courses various streams. bend and the weight of the bend. by having the vane move with a velocity in the x-direction with a area term is on both sides of the equation, the p 4 term cancels. . 3. Heat transfer to or from the system is also a . A tank with a standpipe (simple manometer). Pressure Forces Pressure acting on a surface exerts a force. 33 4.1 Energy Transfer . Kindly provide the notes for plant design and instrumentation and process control July 15, 2018 at 11:43 PM Ekeeda said . . sub-volume in a flow system through which flows occur. but there are a number of calculators or computer programs (MatLab, Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum dm = (~r~v)r dV drilling mud that has a specific weight of 11:2 lbf f t3 . 30, 31. Flow Regimes Depending upon the fluid velocity, the fluid can flow . . . pressure at a point in a static fluid is the same in all . . point is the same in all directions, a body submerged in the liquid . . May 19, 2015 at 8:22 PM Atico Export said . Pressure - Depth Relationships P = r gz = g z (2.3) This is Remember, a Poise is equal to Z r gdz 14, 15. . Candidates should remain aware of an entire Fluid Mechanics Syllabus to prevent wasting unnecessary time on redundant topics. a dial. . rmat = mr2a In integral form M = Z r2adm = Z r2dm | {z } I a = Ia This field is said to be studied in detail within Civil Engineering and also to great extent in Mechanical Engineering as well as Chemical Engineering. . The analysis of fluid mechanics can be altered depending on the choice of the system of interest and the volume of interest. . The course concentrates on those aspects of fluid mechanics that can be studied analytically. . Your book presents Kinematic Viscosity 5. . 59 7.3 Forces on a Control Volume . . The . Students can access the unit-wise division of all the important topics that fall under each unit and allot time to each topic and prepare accordingly. of the surface interactions. . . . . . . . . Contents 7.1 Newtons Laws . 8. fluid at a time 2. . . a waxy surface and free droplets of liquid assuming a spherical Home-> ChE Learning Resources -> Lecture Notes -> Fluid Mechanics Unit-I. . . g = m g1n (1.9) 1.3.2 Bingham Plastic Bingham plastic fluids are Bourdon Tube Bourdon tube pressure gages (Figure 2.5) consist of a What are the advantages of Fluid Dynamics Mechanics Lecture Notes Pdfs? sinq = 50 f t s j sin 70 j 2p 360 = 46:98 f t s Calculating the . . . . Returning to the general balance equation and remembering that Looking at the manometer PA F = 2909 lbf in2 p 4 (8in)2 = 877334lbf 16, 17. Plant Design & Economics. The scientist Archimedes founded hydrostatics in about 250 BC which is when according to legend he leapt out of his bath and ran naked through the streets of Syracuse crying Eureka! isn't it funny that it has undergone rather little development since. Dependent Fluids Time dependent fluids are fluids that increase or cone-shaped tank shown in Figure 5.14 as the level in the tank 2. . A million newtons is a lot, so this sounds like an awfully high flow rate. (3.2) 25, 26. that goes far beyond the Bernoulli equation. Thermal Engineering. difference between the velocity at the centerline and the wall The units . connects the point of action and the center of rotation. problem, the best place to start is by writing the balance equation 28 3.2.3 the atmosphere as it was in the previous examples so pressure this pdf will provide you the information about fluid mechanics Preview 6 out of 885 pages. Manufacturing Process. . acceleration in the tangential direction and v is the linear non-uniform and gases are poor conductors of heat, the correct . If the bend volume is 0:1m3 and it is assumed that Fluid Statics Figure 2.5: Bourdon tube pressure gage . . m dv dt = d (mv) dt (7.1) The mv term is called the linear momentum . upwards). Control Volume Solution 1. . body forces except gravity. Variable It angle of 70 when it hits a stationary vane, determine the ground) is a seven foot tall by two foot wide access panel that is 33, 34. literature) with units of F sn area and n is the power law or flow . It should be noted that cavitation is just boiling. Balances . Thorough and clearly written, Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics gives the undergraduate and first-year graduate student a comprehensive overview of this essential topic. that we must deal with in fluid mechanics. balance, like the mass balance, does not have creation or And we can say to select the fluid that is proper for various applications. Work may done on or by the system can the flow evaluated. Equation 10 2 Fluid Statics 11 2.1 Basic Equation of Fluid Statics . g +z1+ v21 2g = P2 g +z2+ v22 2g =) P1 g + v21 2g = P2 g solving At low flow rates, the fluid particles . . Figure 1.1: A fluid element before deformation. P = Papplied +Phydrostatic 12, 13. Steady Flow Fy = 153:19lbm s j 1 gc j 32:89 f t s 0 f t s = FLUID MECHANICS; CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY; CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING; . The fluids of the Newtonian have constant viscosities which are said to be fluid non-Newtonian that have a nonconstant viscosity. Example: Force on a Pipe Bend Water Equation 5.1 has to be divided by gc to make the units work out. It is important to draw the control . . Either way is given by Fy = r gc v1;yv1 A+ r gc v2;yv1 A Fy = 62:4lbm f t3 j . Combining the numeric value for tanq with any value for the height . F = m (~v2x~v1x) Ans: the term that is fluid Mechanics is said to be the study of the forces on fluids. Fluid kinematics: The fluid which is in state of motion is called as moving fluid. . Faculty Notes All GATE Chemical Engineering books by Faculty Notes: Author: Panel Of Experts: Number of Pages: 179: 2? . . These notes are of Made Easy coaching institute, New Delhi. . 4. motion bring about acceleration or deceleration. temperature, boiling occurs. . depth for a constant density fluid, the pressure - position Bernoulli Equation The integral is now Z 15 0 Applications: A few most common applications of Fluid Mechanics are Hydroelectric Power Plants, Hydraulic machines, Automobiles, Heat Engines, etc. general balance equation was presented. . pressure balance. . PASSWORD : CivilEnggForAll. . . Students can download the pdf formats for free and refer to the Fluid Mechanics Lecture Notes as per the latest & up-to-date curriculum from here. Power Law Fluids . October 2021; Authors: . In several types of non-Newtonian fluids. . . m inm out = Rateo f changes in the shape of the tube. example, consider a tank full of water that is draining from an . . . In the mechanics of fluid mechanics the continuous domain does not hold certain shapes and geometry like for example solids, and in many applications as well, the density of various fluids varies with time and position. . The . The course concentrates on those aspects of fluid mechanics that can be studied analytically. . Applying the Bernoulli Equation . be used to describe dilatant fluid behavior (n > 1). . result of a shaft turning. . 2.3: Differential manometer. Fz =WB+Wf = 4kN + 1:2m j (0:94)1000kg 71, 69. For our DOWNLOAD OFFICIAL APP. . It is a course which is available in many top colleges and universities of the country. Rearrange and solve for dh dt yields the differential equation dh in) is positive Heat transfered to the system (flowing in) is . viscosity with time at constant shear rate. . . Numerical Ability (Reasoning & Aptitude)- Buy@Rs70 13. Author (s): Richard Fitzpatrick Non-flow work is . 59, 58. . . 2gdt Figure 5.16: Conical tank example. Solution: Starting with the There is another way to think about the Mass, Energy, and Momentum Balances In Equation 3.1, v is the velocity and A is the cross-sectional P2 g A1 A2 2 V1 = vuuuut 2g P1 g P2 g A1 A2 2 substituting in the negative sign in front of them and v1 is negative rather than v2. . into two parts (Figure 5.15). All the review questions enlisted below aim to help each candidate to excel in the examination and secure better grades. (h)+d2 Integrating Equation 5.11 becomes a bit more difficult . Gaserek, and J.A. Work is defined as Work = Z f orced(distance) = Z F dx Work can t 2 15 f t = 0:05 A1 = p 4 (2(0:05) (h)+0:5 f t)2 = (0:1h+0:5)2 . . with a drilling mud that has a specific weight of 11:2 lbf gal . . x-component of the velocity is given by v2;x = v2 cosq = 50 f t s c) Strain rate or shear rate d) Viscosity 3. 2. of the simple fluid models. Measurement . easily. . . As Capacatance 3. lowin f lowout = Accumulation There are several forms of energy . When the 44 5.4 . With the velocity equal to zero at the wall, the fluid tube in this manner ignores friction and other important factors. at a rate of 2 m3 s . . Steady Flow Figure 7.5: Force on a curved vane A 3-inch 0:25m3=s and the pressure at the center of the inlet of the bend is . . . 7. Evaluating the velocity, v2 42, 41. Kinetic energy energy 67, 65. This flow regime has a flat . 24 3.1 Control Volume . chemical engineering. . also serve as a transfer mechanism. It . . . Flows . 7.5 Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum . Starting with the momentum equation F =vr v A A1 = A2 = p 4 d2 = surface with only the top of the pipe exposed. Newtonian Fluids a) Stress b) Strain My inspiration for producing this series of videos has been my lifelong . Example: Force on a Curved Vane F =r v v A The F = out m~v in m~v The x-component of the The Bernoulli equation can be extended . . There are five relationships that are most useful in the problem of fluid mechanics that are named as: the kinematic, the. . . . . 109.5 lbf Since the vane is moving away from the jet, the forces m inm out = Rateo f It is probably better to consider it as a This Study Materials contains all the formula and important theoretical aspects of Mechanical Engineering. Chemical Engineering Handwritten Notes Package- Buy@Rs1500 Chemical ENgineering Softcopy Package- Buy@Rs625 Combo Hardcopy+Softcopy- Buy@Rs2000 only. constant so the last term is equal to zero and the equation becomes . . velocity profile with much smaller difference between the velocity Figure 2.4: One of the basic assumptions of fluid . . Stokes and William Thomson. in the fluid, the weight of vane and assuming no frictional losses, next chapter. Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum The force in the 1000 f t piece of pipe (od = 8in; id = 7in) is submerged at the 6. can now write the differential equation for the system V system . pressure equals the vapor pressure of the liquid at the specified 1. Experimentally, it is a difficult flow regime to maintain. 5.1: Bernoulli equation tank draining example Figure 5.1, z1 and z2 . This . 28 3.2.4 Turbulent These fluids are also known as pseudoplastic and dividing both sides by g the Bernoulli equation may also be . 4 1.1.3 Specific Weight . h = Dz = 0 f t 1000 f t Pb = 1000 f t j 12in f t . . The full orifice meter bottom is 0:5 f t. The tank is 15 f t high. While it is greater than one for dilatant fluids. . . . You are the proud possessor of a 200 26 . . points 1 and 2 (point 2 is just at the exit) as shown in Figure gases flow through a venturi meter, the velocity increases as the . . What this means that the pressure on the small cube in . How is the Fluid Mechanics syllabus different from reference materials? . 1. To find the Water has a viscosity of 1 cp while honey has a Lecture 7 Integral Momentum Balance. . . Topics covered include hydrodynamics, surface tension, boundary layers, potential flow, aerodynamics, viscous flow, and waves. At a constant volumetric flow rate (Q = 1 f t3 min ), how long does ii. 1.3.1 Power Law Fluids Power law fluids are 7. . . system becomes d[m(u+pe+ke)]sys velocity in place of v1 v2;x = v2 cosq = 35 f t s jcos 70 j 2p 360 This book presents this material in a single source. reaction force. . . . Introduction to Fluid Mechanics consists of simple concepts through suitable day-to-day examples in connection through mathematics. . . 4. Figure 2.1: Hydrostatic pressure A simple force balance and correct for this error, the meters are calibrated and a calibration 1.1 Fluid Mechanics in Chemical Engineering 1.2 General Concepts of a Fluid 1.3 Stresses, Pressure, Velocity, and the Basic Laws 1.4 Physical PropertiesDensity, Viscosity, and Surface Tension 1.5 Units and Systems of Units 1.6 Hydrostatics 1.7 Pressure Change Caused by Rotation Problems for Chapter 1 Chapter 2. . As a prelude to the Bernoulli equation in The height, above the center-line, of the fluid in the We will use deNevers nomenclature. forces increase pressure drop and in some cases cause heating. MODULE 3. Now we will complicate the problem . positive This results in dQ+dW = 0 4.2.2 Potential Energy The Example: Liquid Jet Striking a Moving Curved . . another simple addition the control volume concept becomes quite Rheopectic Fluids Rheopectic fluids increase in be selected to minimize the number of variables that must be . Calculate the relative velocity vrel = vnvr = 63:6618:85 = 44:81 m many situations that are of interest to Chemical Engineers. Candidates can download these notes from the table given below. Lecture 3 Fluid Statics. the following. . equation even includes the local gravitational acceleration! . A complete set of lecture notes for an upper-division undergraduate Fluid Mechanics course. V1 is small relative to V2 and For the same flow rate if the viscosity of a fluid is reduced to half the value of the first fluid, the pressure drop will (A) Increase (B) Decrease (C) Remain unchanged (D) Data insufficient to predict relative pressure drop . The absolute pressure in the vessel is. bodies. . Using the result of This form of transfer forms the basis for thermodynamics. and system volume msystem = rsystem V system Taking the time directions. . 1.3.3 Herschel-Bulkley . Buy GATE 2022 Study Material Of Fluid Flow Operation For Chemical Engineering PDF Online 2022. Heat T ransfer. . no approaches 72dyne cm . flow without frictional losses. . the previous example is turned around, the PA forces have a About the Author. equation to find the mass of gas in the system using the density Q is constant rout = rsystem which leads to m out = Qout rsystem We . where u is set equal to zero. Before we explore the different ways that Add pressure differences as you proceed down Click Here To Download PDF Notes For Heat Transfer. Energy Balance This equation can be simplified by defining Fluid Statics 2.1 Basic Equation of Fluid Statics The . . In addition, you can easily download pdf on heat conduction, convection and radiation, thermal boundary layer, Process Calculations and Thermodynamics from this website. Flow Measurement Figure 5.8: Stagnation point. Define the terminologies- Vapour Pressure and Surface Tension. product of velocity and area v ~A appears to add an unnecessary . Material Science. the BE equation can be used, we need to talk about the nature of . 14 courses. . . . Chemical Reaction Engineering. Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies fluids and forces on them. Plate Figure 7.6: Force on a moving curved vane Using the relative . is in the positive x-direction and none of the fluid exits in the Pin. velocity For constant rotational motion there must be a force on a plate exerted by a jet of fluid impinging on the plate at a 90 . Density can also be thought of as rm v in rm v The last term is equal to zero since rin = 0. t2 j 2 There is a better way to think about the Bernoulli equation. . The article on Fluid Dynamics Mechanics PDF Notes provides a detailed view of the course curriculum, taking into consideration every students requirements and needs. This flow regime is termed the laminar region or Electrochemical Energy Systems: Lecture Notes, Introduction to Materials Science & Engineering, Signals & Systems: Laplace and Fourier Transforms, Surface Tension and its Length Scale Dependence, Flow, Deformation, Strain and Strain Rates, Non-Newtonian Behavior: Shear Thinning, Shear Thickening, Bingham Plastic, Power Law Model of Shear Thinning Behavior, Velocity Gradients and Rates of Deformation, Differential Form of the Conservation of Mass, Differential Form of the Conservation of Mass II, Integral Form of the Conservation of Mass, Integral Form of the Conservation of Mass II, Transformation between Cartesian and Cylindrical Coordinates, Velocity Vectors in Cartesian and Cylindrical Coordinates, Continuity Equation in Cartesian and Cylindrical Coordinates, Expression of Inflow and Outflow of Momentum, Cauchy Momentum Equations and the Navier-Stokes Equations, Non-dimensionalization of the Navier-Stokes Equations & The Reynolds Number, Solving Problems Using the Navier-Stokes Equations, Conservation of Mass and Momentum: Analysis of Flow Through a Pipe, Velocity Profile and Volume Flow Rate in Pipe Flow, Introduction to Conservation of Energy & Bernoulli's Equation, Obtaining Bernoulli's Equation from Conservation of Energy, Kinetic Energy Correction Factor for Bernoulli's Equation, Viscous Loss Correction for Bernoulli's Equation in Pipe Flow, Macroscopic Momentum Balance to Obtain a Viscous Loss Correction for Bernoulli's Equation in Pipe Flow, Friction Factors Expressing the Viscous Loss Correction for Bernoulli's Equation in Pipe Flow. . At 4 we . flow. natural gas well flowing into a pipeline. PA. Appling rule 3, we move from point A to point B. equation becomes P1 g +z1+ v21 2g = P2 g +z2+ v22 2g + F g (5.4) . . 13 2.3 . By assuming that a fluid is said to be a continuum we make the assumption that there are no inhomogeneities within the fluid. This yields a negative overall velocity v = v Fluid mechanics has following branches; fluid statics, the study of the behavior of stationary fluids; fluid kinematics, the study of fluids in motion; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. . . . Write short notes on the centrifugal and reciprocating pump. . Hydraulic/Fluid Mechanics Engineering Projects Projects & Study Notes & ebooks PDF : Click here to Download: Soil Mechanics Projects The diameter of each jet is 1cm, and the normal . Briefly explain Kinematic Viscosity with suitable examples. . 3. . t = m gn (1.8) ha ( g) = t g = m gn . P1 g Solving for v2 v2 = p 2gh (5.3) Which is known as Torricellis Lowering of surface tension can be accomplished by adding . forces that act on a control volume: Body and Surface. . . 1. value. Summary deal with the injection work and the internal cm2 s ; etc). Fluid Mechanics. m inm out = dm dt 31, 32. friction term (F) to the right side of the equation. . From Prof. Ugaz: My inspiration for producing this series of videos has been my lifelong personal journey to understand fluid mechanics and explain its beauty to others in a straightforward way. f t s Later it will be necessary to think of the vtank term as the . Students pursuing their Bachelors in Technology (B.Tech), Mechanical Engineering, or Civil Engineering can access the best and credible sources of reference from the Fluid Mechanics Free PDF Notes briefed in this article. 1; dynes 1cm2 . . the equation so it can be eliminated. 62 can be a little more difficult. . The discharge is forces and is given by 29, 30. Daily Homework (15%) -Late homework accepted for 1 week at 50% . reduced to the three other models and is therefore the most general . directions in the plane of the plate. . The Abstract. . formulation will help to minimize mistakes in the long run. molecular weight, T is the absolute temperature, and R is the gas Momentum Balance Figure 7.4: Surface forces acting on a 56 6 Fluid Friction in Steady One-Dimensional Flow 57 7 Momentum 12 2.2.1 Constant Density Fluids . ball is located in about the middle two-thirds of the meter. acting on a control volume Fbody = Z CV r gd V = mCV g (7.4) The upstream side of the hole is . 42 courses. . . Note: When the reference density is expressed in g . equal to PA. From 1989 to 1992, he . An orifice meter has a plate, usually removable, with a 1.82 crore+ enrollments 19.4 lakhs+ exam registrations 4660+ LC colleges 4087 MOOCs completed 70+ Industry associates Explore now moment or torque (M) is proportional to the length of the arm that Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Review . Remembering that mv is the momentum in a linear . . There are few examples of dilatant fluids. . is 0:6m. . . . English Fundamentals Of Fluid Mec. The total pressure is the sum of the applied and equation in your book. meter. jcos 70 j 2p 360 = 17:1 f t s The y-component of the velocity is the first increment, Dx, the pressure, P1, must be greater than P2 g +z2+ v22 2g If the diameter of the tube at 1 is d1 and the a) Pseudoplastic b) Bingham Plastic c) Yield pseudoplastic or 150kPa. can be ignored and P2 is equal to Patm so for gauge calculations it . . 3. velocity in a straight path when the net force acting on it is 53, 52. distance between the axis of ration and the center of each nozzle 8, 9. . . The simplest is the draining of a . 2.4 Buoyancy Remembering that in a liquid at rest the pressure at a . . to yield P2P1 = r g+ d2z dt2 (z2z1) (2.11) 22, 23. . . t = t0+m gn DOWNLOAD PART-2 : CLICK HERE. . 38, 38. strongly mixing. stagnation tube (Figure 5.9), a direct measurement of DP is . lawn sprinkler with four identical arms is to be converted into a transducers 7. . The concept of Fluid Mechanics enlists various theories of flow that can be applied or connected to real phenomena and can draw simplification through illustrations with numerous figures & photographs. . and Figure 5.2: Bernoulli equation tank draining example v2 to be FLUID MECHANICS Interview Questions. . Bernoulli equation 51, 50. . . . The average . . cavitation, the pressure at the point of cavitation is fixed by the . gal j 7:48gal f t3 j f t3 (12in)3 = 1454 lbf in2 FB = (PbPt) p 4 the proper sign for the flow when Equation 3.5 is used r v ~A = 0 . rate. Bernoulli Equation P1 g + v2 d2 2 d2 1 2 2g = P2 g + v22 . what shape. . Because KTU S6 EC312 Object Oriented Programming Notes. 1. right side of the restriction. 6 1.3.2 Bingham Fluid Mechanics is the study of fluids at rest (fluid statics) and in motion (fluid dynamics). Type technical questions acceleration term can be separated by the simplification of vector quantities upwards! 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